What is Modafinil?
Modafinil, brand name Provigil, is a wakefulness-promoting drug used for the treatment of disorders such as narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea. It is thought to work by altering the natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Provigil is used to treat excessive sleepiness caused by sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work sleep disorder.
Do you want to Buy Modafinil in the VN in 2020?
Do you live in the VN and are wanting to buy the narcolepsy medication called modafinil? Be aware that in the VN that buying Modafinil requires a prescription. If you need a prescription, our online doctor's service can help you obtain one if you meet the requirements.
Modafinil is a medicine which is used to treat a sleeping disorders called narcolepsy. This condition causes people to spontaneously fall asleep. It is also used to treat other sleeping disorders such as those experienced by shift workers or those suffering from sleep apnea. It can also be prescribed to treat ADHD.
While there are uses of modafinil which are purported to help people stay alert and awake, this drug may not be marketed as a "nootropic" in the VN. It may only be used as prescribed as a treatment for narcolepsy or other conditions listed above.
There are many different brands for the modafinil drug. Some of these names, as marketed in the VN, are Modalert, Modvigil, Provigil and Modafinil MD. Regardless of the brand, they all consist of modafinil drug, which is used for narcolepsy.
What is armodafinil? It is another common form of modafinil. The compound is similar in nature to modafiil and goes by various brands, including Waklert, Artvigil and Nuvigil. Both drugs treat narcolepsy. Your doctor can help you understand the difference between these two drugs.
How Does Modafinil Work?
It works by stimulating areas of the brain that regulate the patterns of being awake and sleeping. They target the "awake" side by stimulting neurotransmitters.
Narcolepsy Medication
It is a narcolepsy medication that promotes wakefulness. While some people call them "smart drugs" or "nootropics", we only say they are a narcolepsy medicine. The branded name is Modalert, and the generic is Modafinil.
Modalert, also called Provigil, works by blocking dopamine transporters. These molecules remove dopamine from brain synapses. This increases the amount of dopamine in the brain, which is the brain's "reward" mechanism. It is used to treat work sleep disorders and shift work sleep disorder. Order them today from Pro Modafinil.
You can buy Provigil, Modalert and Modafinil in the VN. It is for sale at pharmacists or in our online store. You can get next day delivery of Modafinil VN most days of the week from Pro Modafinil. Order Provigil online by clicking the order button located above. We have cheap modafinil, and you can get the best price at Pro Modafinil.
How to take Modafinil
Modafinil pills should be taken once a day orally. It can be taken with or without food. It is recommended to check with your doctor if there are any time preference when you better take it. Usually, It is taken in the morning.
If you use Modafinil for the treatment of shift work disorder, then you better take it an hour before you start your shift. Better to take it at the same time, if possible, and only change that after consulting your doctor.
Modafinil will only help to reduce sleepiness, but it will not treat your condition. Therefore you need to continue taking Modafinil even if you feel rested.
Mode of Action
Its mode of action used to be a mystery, but modern findings suggest that it acts as a very weak and selective atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor as it behaves similarly to other drugs in this classification. There is a lot of evidence to support the claim; however, it is also thought that there are a lot more mechanisms at work.
As mentioned, Modafinil is linked with narcolepsy which makes it a good treatment option for narcolepsy and other sleep-related problems and disorders. Since there is a huge risk for developing hypersensitivity reactions and neuropsychiatric disorders when taking the drug, the European Medicines Agency recommends in limiting the prescription of the drug to patients who suffer from narcolepsy only.
Contraindications to Modafinil Use
Similar to other medications and drugs, the first and foremost contraindication to its use is allergy and hypersensitivity. In the case of Modafinil, it is the only contraindication for its use. However, Cephalon has distributed literature advising that it is still important to consult a physician before taking the drug as people may experience problems related to hypersensitivity to constituents of the tablet. People who suffer from cirrhosis can also have problems with the drug as their condition may impair the metabolism of Modafinil. Of course, people with cardiovascular problems are always susceptible to problems brought on by certain drug interactions especially those that affect the nervous system and neurotransmitters.
Adverse Effects
Just like any drug and medication, Modafinil affects people differently and may show adverse reactions that aren't beneficial to the person. As with any drug, the effects may or may not appear on a particular person which is why it requires proper clinical studies and trials. Teva Pharmaceuticals provides documentation about the adverse effects of the drug. According to their clinical trials, 1/3 of their participants have experienced headaches when taking the drug while 11% suffered from nausea. Other side-effects that participants experienced include: diarrhoea, nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, and GI problems although these problems were only experienced by less than 10% of the participants.
There are also the sporadic cases of severe adverse effects such as severe skin rashes or other allergy-related symptoms. From December 1988 which was the date of the drug's initial marketing up to the end of January 2007, the US FDA has received only six cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions. These include the following skin reactions: SJS, Erythema Multiforme (EM), TEN, and DRESS. These affected both adults and paediatric patients. Because of this, the FDA needed to issue an alert regarding the medication, and they also noted that multi-organ hypersensitivity and angioedema had been reported in postmarketing. This prompted the FDA to order Cephalon to change their Provigil leaflet with a bold-face print of some serious and potentially fatal adverse effects such as TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis), SJS (Stevents-Johnson Syndrome), and DRESS.
When it comes to long-term effectiveness and safety, its effects haven't been determined. It is thought that Modafinil may have adverse interactions with hormonal contraception which can last for more than a month after the last dose. But all medications can be un-safe make sure you consult a doctor before taking any medication.
Potential for Dependence and Addiction
When it comes to the potential for being an addictive substance, the chances for Modafinil are incredibly low. It does, however, share some biochemical mechanisms with other stimulant drugs that are addictive. According to some studies, the drug shows very similar mood-elevating properties but significantly less. Monkeys will mostly self-administer if they have been trained to self-administer cocaine. The drug doesn't display a reinforcing effect when tested on mice that are given the therapeutic human dose although it does show a little effect when given higher dosages. Although it is scarce, some cases show Modafinil abuse does exist. This is partly the reason why the drug is considered as a schedule IV controlled substance in the US. This category is reserved for medication that has a valid medical reason to be used and has a low but still significant addictive potential.
Very little psychological dependence has been recorded with the drug and the only known cases have been reported in conjunction with daily overdose for extended periods. There are, however, reported withdrawal symptoms like lethargy, anhedonia, insomnia, and anxiety.
Developing Tolerance
There have been extensive clinical studies done about the subject and, so far there is no evidence that shows that people using Modafinil tablets will develop tolerance when taking the drug at therapeutic doses even when used for a long period lasting for 40 weeks to three years.
Overdosing on Modafinil
When tested on rats, the median lethal dose was approximated to a little bit above 1250 mg/kg. The median dose reported for oral dosages on rats was reported to be 1000-3400 mg/kg. IV median dosage for dogs, on the other hand, was at 300 mg/kg. Clinical trials done for humans were done at 1200 mg./day ranging from 1 week to three weeks. There is a reported one-time case of overdose up to 4500 mg but it didn't cause any life-threatening effect. It did result in a lot of adverse reactions such as insomnia, agitation, aggressiveness, irritability, nervousness, confusion, palpitations, tremors, nausea, sleep disruptions and diarrhoea. The FDA maintains its stand that there is no fatal overdose associated with Modafinil use although it is for only drugs as multiple ingredient drugs.
Drug to Drug and Other Interactions
Taking Modafinil tablets with other opioids like hydrocodone, fentanyl, and oxycodone can result in a drop in a plasma concentration in the body. This is because Modafinil is largely dependent on the CYP3A4 enzyme. If not monitored, this can cause reduced effectiveness and withdrawal symptoms.
The drug's effectiveness is largely dependent on the status of catechol-O-methyl transferase or COMT in the body. This is the one responsible for the improvement in vigour and energy during sleep deprived moments. Some studies are suggesting that people with Val/Val genotype will experience an even greater cognitive improvement in taking the drug while those who have Met/Met genotyping will experience little improvement.
History of the Drug
The drug was primarily developed in France by the emeritus experimental medicine professor and neurophysiologist Michel Jouvet at Lafon Laboratories. The drug was first developed in the late 1970s during the invention of a series of benzhydryl sulfinyl compounds. This includes adrafinil and was offered as an experimental treatment option for narcolepsy back in 1986. Modafinil came into being since it was the primary metabolite of the drug mentioned above. It lacked the –OH group on the last amide which gives it a similar effect to the parent drug but has greater use. It has been used in France since 1994 under the brand name Modiodal.
On the other hand, it has been in use in the US since 1998 under the brand name Provigil. The US FDA approved the drug for narcolepsy treatment during this year and later added in 2003 to treat obstructive sleep apnea and shift work-related sleep disorder. This was added even though studies have shown that amphetamines and caffeine have proven to be more effective in promoting narcolepsy based on the Stanford Sleepiness Test Score. It is marketed by Cephalon Inc in the country as they originally leased the rights from Lafon before buying the company back in 2001.
Cepahlon started marketing the R-enantiomer arModafinil form of Modafinil in the US in 2007. Generic versions of the drug became available in 2012 due to protracted patent litigation.
How to Purchase Modafinil in the VN
In the Viet Nam, the drug was first approved in December 2002.
Is it legal to take Modafinil? It has been legal purchase in the VN from online pharmacies since 2002. We sell 200 mg pills here at Pro Modafinil. For our price, check above. When it comes to sports, the use of the drug is somewhat controversial as high-profile cases attract a lot of press coverage. There are a lot of prominent athletes in the US that have tested positive for the drug. They protested that it doesn't belong to the prohibited list at the time. However, the WADA or World Anti-Doping Agency maintains that even if the drug itself isn't in the banned list, it is still related to already banned substances. This prompted them to add the drug to the list of prohibited substances on August 3, 2004 ten days before the start of the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Please do not use this drug as a nootropic. Modafinil is not to be sold in the VN under the term "nootropics", only as a treatment for narcolepsy.
